Many species of wildlife are affected by lead toxicity, but it is most common in raptors, scavengers, and waterbirds. In raptors or predatory birds, bioaccumulation through ingestion of prey species is problematic. Scavenger species, like the California condor, face the same issue with bioaccumulation while eating carrion. Species like the Bald eagle and vulture species have highly acidic stomachs, making them particularly susceptible to lead toxicity due to lead being broken down more readily in their stomach. A single lead sinker or jig is toxic enough to kill a loon when ingested.
The National Wildlife Refuge Association supports the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to remove lead hazards on refuges through its Station-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations proposed rule. The National Wildlife Refuge Association acknowledges the need for an adjustment period so necessary administrative and practical changes can be made and implemented on these refuges; consequently, we urge that the four-year period proposed for phasing out the use of lead be shortened to eighteen months, which would allow for one full hunting season to educate hunters before the final change is made. The proposed rule, although only applied to acres of new lands opened to hunting, is a vital first step in reducing the damage caused by lead ammunition and tackle on national wildlife refuges across the country.
