Spain and Belgium have issued warnings about the consequences of Germany’s huge fiscal stimulus package for the EU single market as the bloc attempts to muster a unified response to soaring energy prices.
The announcement of a €200bn fiscal stimulus package by Germany last week has prompted other EU member states to warn of unfair competitive distortions if individual states, particularly those with deep pockets, pursue large support measures.
Spain’s prime minister Pedro Sánchez said on Wednesday that the single market must not be allowed to “break apart” and that. although Germany’s move was “justified”, it was important to “preserve a balance” to ensure fair competition across the EU.
“Such imbalances in fiscal spending are dangerous” and risked “degrading the European single market because everyone is just doing their own thing”, Belgian prime minister Alexander De Croo said in a separate interview.
Speaking to German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung before meeting his German counterpart Olaf Scholz, Sánchez highlighted Germany’s long-running dependence on Russian energy, adding: “For this reason, a strong reaction and the deployment of national resources are justified.”
Sánchez is closely aligned with the German chancellor on other energy issues, including the need for more cross-border gas and electricity links.
The warnings echoed strong criticism from Italy’s prime minister Mario Draghi and Hungary’s leader Viktor Orbán. It comes as the European Commission is trying to pull EU capitals together to take common action to support businesses and consumers suffering from high energy prices.
Commission president Ursula von der Leyen told the European parliament on Wednesday that “two things remain paramount: acting in unity and acting in solidarity”.
“We need to protect the fundamentals of our economy, and in particular our single market,” she added.
Von der Leyen was speaking ahead of an informal EU summit in Prague on Friday during which member states will discuss ways to limit punishing increases in energy prices. A growing number of countries have backed the idea of a cap on gas prices, which have a prominent role in driving the cost of electricity given the design of EU power markets.
Some diplomats have detected growing momentum behind a model used in Spain and Portugal, under which gas prices are limited by charging more to electricity grid operators.
Von der Leyen said such a measure would “be a first step on the way to a structural reform of the electricity market”, something that the commission has promised to address early next year. In a letter to European leaders later on Wednesday, she added that member states must make deeper cuts to gas demand to get through winter.
A senior EU diplomat said that capping the price of gas used for electricity “is not a valid model for many or even most member states”, while several other diplomats and politicians fear that such a move risks increasing gas consumption by lowering prices at a time when European supplies are acutely tight.
Commission figures show that gas consumption in Spain increased 10.9 per cent in June, the month after its price cap was introduced compared with its five-year average, although the Spanish government has said this was also down to a drop in hydropower during the summer’s drought.
France has indicated support for the “Iberian model”, which it has benefited from by importing cheaper electricity from Spain.
Sánchez, however, took aim at France on Wednesday for frustrating Madrid’s ambitions to build a proposed new gas pipeline, known as MidCat, across the Pyrenees to its northeastern neighbour.
Sánchez recalled that French president Emmanuel Macron had made commitments on power connections in 2018, and said: “We call on the French government to fulfil its obligations now.”
Scholz told the Spanish newspaper El País: “Connecting the Iberian peninsula to the European gas pipeline network would be a very important step for all of us, which is why I promote the construction of MidCat.”
