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On Good Friday 2017, Wyatt Werneth got a call from his wife, who had gone grocery shopping with their daughter: The car’s broken down. Please rescue us.Werneth hopped in his vehicle to assist, driving by Patrick Space Force Base near Cape Canaveral, Florida. From the A1A highway, Werneth said you can see the ocean.What he saw next was a twist of fate that led to a much more urgent rescue.”I could see someone waving in traffic as I was going by. … I pulled in to see what was going on; I had the immediate instinct that something was happening in the water,” Werneth recalled to CNN Travel.”When I came over the berm, I did not realize what I was getting into. There were multiple people in the water.”And they were in trouble. Very serious trouble. Rip current kind of trouble.The scene would send chills of dread down anyone’s spine－but at least Werneth was prepared. He is an experienced lifeguard instructor and had water rescue equipment with him.But with at least five people struggling in a vicious Atlantic rip current, how would he save them all?The statistics are grimThe drowning numbers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are shocking.An estimated 3,960 fatal unintentional drownings happen every year in the United States (including boating incidents). That is an average of 11 drowning deaths per day.From 2015 to 2019, the states with the most drowning deaths per 100,000 people were:1. Alaska2. Hawaii3. Louisiana4. Florida5. MississippiWorld statistics are even more shocking. There are an estimated 236,000 annual drowning deaths worldwide, according to the U.N.’s World Health Organization. That comes out to an average of 647 people per day.And then there are the even more numerous nonfatal drownings. The CDC says people who survive a drowning incident have a range of outcomes: “From no injuries to very serious injuries or permanent disability.”The tragedy is many of these deaths and injuries are preventable, experts say. What can you do to enjoy the water－be it ocean, river, lake or swimming pool－safely and not join the ranks of drowning deaths? Turns out, a lot.Who is most at risk?Knowing who is more likely to drown is critical. At-risk groups need the most attention. Some of them in the United States are:• The youngest people: Children 1 to 4 have the highest drowning rates, the CDC says, mostly in swimming pools.• Males: They account for nearly 80% of fatal drownings. More risk-taking behaviors and alcohol use are cited as reasons. Across the world, WHO reports males have twice the fatal drowning rate of females.• Minority groups: Fatal drowning rates for American Indian or Alaska Native people 29 and younger are two times higher than for White people. For Black people, the rate is 1.5 times higher than for White people.Drowning prevention tipsThe CDC emphasizes the importance of learning basic water safety skills, saying formal lessons can reduce the risk of drowning.However, “children who have had swimming lessons still need close and constant supervision when in or around water,” the agency writes. Don’t get distracted by TV, books or the phone when watching children in the water.If you’re drinking alcoholic beverages, stay out of the water and don’t go boating. Impaired judgment and slow reactions can lead to tragedy.People in boats and weaker swimmers, especially in open water, should wear life jackets.And keep an eye on the weather. Exit if there’s a thunderstorm or heavy rains.Know the water environmentsUnderstand the waters you’re about to enter. Different bodies of water carry different types of dangers.OCEAN RIP CURRENTSThese currents flow away from shore. They often form at breaks in sandbars and close to piers and rock groins.Look for signs of a rip current before entering, says the United States Lifesaving Association. That can be “a narrow gap of darker, seemingly calmer water between areas of breaking waves and whitewater,” a difference in water color or “a line of foam, seaweed or debris moving seaward.”Here’s what to do you’re caught in one:• Stay calm. Rip currents don’t pull you underwater but do sweep you farther from shore.• Don’t swim against the current. Try to escape by “swimming out of the current in a direction following the shoreline,” the USLA says. You may be able to escape by floating or treading water and ride the current out.• If you’re in trouble, yell and wave for help.If you’re not trained, don’t try to rescue people yourself. Seek a lifeguard, call 911 or throw a flotation device their way. Direct the person to swim parallel to the shoreline to escape.OTHER OCEAN TIPSThe National Weather Service warns swimmers to watch out for “shorebreak” waves. They crash directly onto the sand and can batter and disorient swimmers. “When in doubt, don’t go out,” said Wyatt Werneth, who is also the public service spokesperson for the American Lifeguard Association.Swim Guide and Swim Ireland advise people to swim in the hour before or the hour after low tide or high tide when waters are generally calmer. (But conditions can vary beach to beach).RIVERSTubing and other activities are popular in rivers. But swift currents and obstacles below the surface or debris can be hazardous.Werneth said research the river before you enter.LAKES AND PONDSThe placid waters of lakes and ponds can lull waders and swimmers into a false sense of security. Sharp, sudden dropoffs and debris under the water can startle or entangle people, Werneth said, leading to panic and drowning. He said go in with a swim buddy.Dive only in designated areas. The USLA says enter unknown waters feet first to avoid striking your head. Swimmers shouldn’t stray into areas where personal watercraft and boats are speeding by.SWIMMING POOLSThe National Drowing Prevention Alliance has this advice for pool owners: “four-sided fencing with self-closing self-latching gates, door and window alarms, and safety covers can help make sure kids don’t get to the water unsupervised.”And even if your children know how to swim, adults should still maintain a careful watch. Keep flotation devices on hand.National lifeguard shortageBernard Fisher, director of health and safety at the American Lifeguard Association, warned of a critical lifeguard shortage this summer.Werneth said the group’s message has always been “swim in front of a lifeguard.” But he said the reality of the shortage is prompting a new one: “Learn to swim, America.””We want people to self-lifeguard. Assign someone in your family to be a water watcher. Have that person learn CPR.”And if someone can’t swim and still wants to wade, “put a life jacket on them. That’s going to make a difference.”
On Good Friday 2017, Wyatt Werneth got a call from his wife, who had gone grocery shopping with their daughter: The car’s broken down. Please rescue us.
Werneth hopped in his vehicle to assist, driving by Patrick Space Force Base near Cape Canaveral, Florida. From the A1A highway, Werneth said you can see the ocean.
What he saw next was a twist of fate that led to a much more urgent rescue.
“I could see someone waving in traffic as I was going by. … I pulled in to see what was going on; I had the immediate instinct that something was happening in the water,” Werneth recalled to CNN Travel.
“When I came over the berm, I did not realize what I was getting into. There were multiple people in the water.”
And they were in trouble. Very serious trouble. Rip current kind of trouble.
The scene would send chills of dread down anyone’s spine－but at least Werneth was prepared. He is an experienced lifeguard instructor and had water rescue equipment with him.
But with at least five people struggling in a vicious Atlantic rip current, how would he save them all?
The statistics are grim
The drowning numbers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are shocking.
An estimated 3,960 fatal unintentional drownings happen every year in the United States (including boating incidents). That is an average of 11 drowning deaths per day.
From 2015 to 2019, the states with the most drowning deaths per 100,000 people were:
1. Alaska
2. Hawaii
3. Louisiana
4. Florida
5. Mississippi
World statistics are even more shocking. There are an estimated 236,000 annual drowning deaths worldwide, according to the U.N.’s World Health Organization. That comes out to an average of 647 people per day.
And then there are the even more numerous nonfatal drownings. The CDC says people who survive a drowning incident have a range of outcomes: “From no injuries to very serious injuries or permanent disability.”
The tragedy is many of these deaths and injuries are preventable, experts say. What can you do to enjoy the water－be it ocean, river, lake or swimming pool－safely and not join the ranks of drowning deaths? Turns out, a lot.
Who is most at risk?
Knowing who is more likely to drown is critical. At-risk groups need the most attention. Some of them in the United States are:
• The youngest people: Children 1 to 4 have the highest drowning rates, the CDC says, mostly in swimming pools.
• Males: They account for nearly 80% of fatal drownings. More risk-taking behaviors and alcohol use are cited as reasons. Across the world, WHO reports males have twice the fatal drowning rate of females.
• Minority groups: Fatal drowning rates for American Indian or Alaska Native people 29 and younger are two times higher than for White people. For Black people, the rate is 1.5 times higher than for White people.
Drowning prevention tips
The CDC emphasizes the importance of learning basic water safety skills, saying formal lessons can reduce the risk of drowning.
However, “children who have had swimming lessons still need close and constant supervision when in or around water,” the agency writes. Don’t get distracted by TV, books or the phone when watching children in the water.
If you’re drinking alcoholic beverages, stay out of the water and don’t go boating. Impaired judgment and slow reactions can lead to tragedy.
People in boats and weaker swimmers, especially in open water, should wear life jackets.
And keep an eye on the weather. Exit if there’s a thunderstorm or heavy rains.
Know the water environments
Understand the waters you’re about to enter. Different bodies of water carry different types of dangers.
OCEAN RIP CURRENTS
These currents flow away from shore. They often form at breaks in sandbars and close to piers and rock groins.
Look for signs of a rip current before entering, says the United States Lifesaving Association. That can be “a narrow gap of darker, seemingly calmer water between areas of breaking waves and whitewater,” a difference in water color or “a line of foam, seaweed or debris moving seaward.”
Here’s what to do you’re caught in one:
• Stay calm. Rip currents don’t pull you underwater but do sweep you farther from shore.
• Don’t swim against the current. Try to escape by “swimming out of the current in a direction following the shoreline,” the USLA says. You may be able to escape by floating or treading water and ride the current out.
• If you’re in trouble, yell and wave for help.
If you’re not trained, don’t try to rescue people yourself. Seek a lifeguard, call 911 or throw a flotation device their way. Direct the person to swim parallel to the shoreline to escape.
OTHER OCEAN TIPS
The National Weather Service warns swimmers to watch out for “shorebreak” waves. They crash directly onto the sand and can batter and disorient swimmers. “When in doubt, don’t go out,” said Wyatt Werneth, who is also the public service spokesperson for the American Lifeguard Association.
Swim Guide and Swim Ireland advise people to swim in the hour before or the hour after low tide or high tide when waters are generally calmer. (But conditions can vary beach to beach).
RIVERS
Tubing and other activities are popular in rivers. But swift currents and obstacles below the surface or debris can be hazardous.
Werneth said research the river before you enter.
LAKES AND PONDS
The placid waters of lakes and ponds can lull waders and swimmers into a false sense of security. Sharp, sudden dropoffs and debris under the water can startle or entangle people, Werneth said, leading to panic and drowning. He said go in with a swim buddy.
Dive only in designated areas. The USLA says enter unknown waters feet first to avoid striking your head. Swimmers shouldn’t stray into areas where personal watercraft and boats are speeding by.
SWIMMING POOLS
The National Drowing Prevention Alliance has this advice for pool owners: “four-sided fencing with self-closing self-latching gates, door and window alarms, and safety covers can help make sure kids don’t get to the water unsupervised.”
And even if your children know how to swim, adults should still maintain a careful watch. Keep flotation devices on hand.
National lifeguard shortage
Bernard Fisher, director of health and safety at the American Lifeguard Association, warned of a critical lifeguard shortage this summer.
Werneth said the group’s message has always been “swim in front of a lifeguard.” But he said the reality of the shortage is prompting a new one: “Learn to swim, America.”
“We want people to self-lifeguard. Assign someone in your family to be a water watcher. Have that person learn CPR.”
And if someone can’t swim and still wants to wade, “put a life jacket on them. That’s going to make a difference.”
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